Is There an African Mythos-Lovecraft Mythos Connection?

May years ago when researching a story I was writing that took place within the Lovecraft Mythos, I came across mention of a book written by Samuel K. D. Dikaniakina, an indigenous Christian pastor residing in Kenya. Within its pages, he wrote extensively of the cult of water spirits so common in African tribal religions.

Contacting him directly, he graciously sent me a copy of his book. Though I eventually canned the story I was planning, I read Dikaniakina's book cover to cover to discover some intriguing parallels between the book and H. P. Lovecraft's story, The Shadow Over Innsmouth.

When Christianity entered Kenya, it came to a continent where the indigenous religions possessed a multitude of ancient water-spirit traditions. Most African Christians imported their native belief in water spirits into their new faith, but now saw them as demonic entities. What follows are a list of parallels I have found between one of Lovecraft's most famous works as well as the worldview in Identifying The Dark Sources of the Aquatic World.

Shadow Over Innsmouth	Dark Sources of the Aquatic World
Ancient beings "The Deep Ones" reside in water	Ancient beings "Mami Wata(1)" reside in water
They are both male and female	They are predominantly female, but males exist
They desire to mate with humans	They desire to mate with humans
Progeny are hybrid monsters	Progeny are hybrid monsters
They reward obedient humans with great wealth	They reward obedient humans with great wealth
They live in vast underwater cities	They live in eight vast underwater cities
Cities are physical and can be destroyed, and will most likely outlast humanity	Cities are not considered to be in our reality, but will one day all be destroyed.
They worship Cthulhu and other "deities."	They worship Dagon and other deities.
Though acting benign they are inherently evil	Though acting benign they are inherently evil

So seeing the parallels, one logically wonders if Lovecraft knew about the African mythology of water spirits and used it as an inspiration for his own tale or did Lovecraft invent his stories out of whole cloth and the parallels merely demonstrate serendipity?

I have posited the question to a group of Mythos aficionados and experts and asked them to post their answers below. Their observations should be quite intriguing.

If you are interested in doing your own research, Samuel K. D. Dikaniakina's book is not available on or through the Internet. However, he does extensively quote a Nigerian pastor by the name of Debo Daniel. Debo's book, The Water Spirit Kingdom, is available for free here.

(1) Other names other than "Mami Wata" are used for these beings depending on the country of origin.

PS: No, you cannot have my copy. This is like owning my own personal edition of the Cthäat Aquadingen and I will hold on to it.

Discussing Cthulhu At Capclave 2016

From LEFT to RIGHT: Darrell Schweitzer, Tim Powers, A.C. Wise, and some other dude

Capclave 2016 is now a pleasant memory and I had the pleasure of moderating two panels this year:

An Animal World discussed the roles of animals, both normal and anthropomorphic, in genre literature and included such luminaries as Mike McPhail, Bernie Mojzes (pronounced "Moses"), Michelle D. Sonnier, and Lawrence M. Schoen (pronounced "Shown"). All of them have impressive publishing credentials.

However, the highlight for me was moderating Sunday morning's panel Cthulhu Wants You! For Breakfast! with some of the biggest names in the field:

Darrell Schweitzer churns out novels and anthologies in the field of Lovecraftian horror and other Mythos work like you and I sneeze. And when he drops the big names known in Lovecraftia, he isn't being grandiose. He knows them all. His Facebook account is here.

If you don't know Tim Powers, you are missing one of the best writers in the fantasy genre of secret histories. A true gentleman, he is erudite and knowledgeable and the amount of research he puts into his books before he puts hand to keyboard is astounding. His best known work in the field of Lovecraftian horror is Descent, a Cold War espionage thriller involving Kim Philby, djinn, and the Ark on Mount Ararat.

A. C. Wise is a prolific author and her short fiction has appeared in publications such as Clarkesworld, Apex, Shimmer, and the Year’s Best Dark Fantasy and Horror 2015. Her latest journey into Mythos territory is her short story, When the Stitches Come Undone in Ellen Datlow's anthology, Children of Lovecraft.

So how does a hack like me best known for dark fantasy romances with a body count get to moderate a panel with such notable masters of the craft?

Well, let me tell you. Listen carefully 'cause I'll only tell you once:

You get on your hands and knees and you beg and weep and plead and sob and wail until they let you have the gig simply because you're being an embarrassment. 

But, hey! It works!

PS: My own foray into experimenting with Lovecraftian horror is my collection, Dark Dreams and Darker Visions. It is presently available as an eBook, but a reedited Kindle version will be coming out soon.

Dark Dreams and Darker Visions paperback (Amazon US)

Dark Dreams and Darker Visions paperback (Amazon UK)

Dark Dreams and Darker Visions paperback (Amazon Canada)

Dark Dreams and Darker Visions eBook (Amazon Australia)

Also, of interest, might be my chapbook Come Into My Cellar: Darker Tales From A Cerebral Vault, only available for the Kindle Reader also available from Amazon.

Steampunk Cthulhu: Mythos Terror in the Age of Steam: A Review

As a reader of anthologies as well as a writer who has been published in a number of them, I can say that for those whom the gods (Elder Gods?) destroy, they first make them an anthology editor. Far too many anthologies suffer from a number of ailments such as stories that do not necessarily fit the theme or are very uneven in quality, or the editor's ego gets in the way of final product.

I picked up Steampunk Cthulhu: Mythos Terror in the Age of Steam, edited by Brain M. Sammons and Glynn Owen Barass with a shrug, fully expecting the typical anthology with its typical flaws and I can say with unequivocal delight that I struck a gold mine.

The 17 stories collected here are mostly very high quality tales where the authors do the very difficult: combine the myriad aspects of the Chtulhu Mythos within the steampunk genre and make it look flawlessly easy.

Those Above by Jeffrey Thomas takes place in a world where the sky above is filled with an eldritch horror that feeds on dreams and steampunk technology appears to have come to the rescue of the hapless humans that live below. At least that is what appears to be the case.

The Blackwold Horror by Adam Bolivar tells of a folklorist traveling to England's West Country to research its tales and legends and spends a frightful night with the host and staff of Blackwold Abbey.

No Hand to Turn the Key by Carrie Cuinn tells the tale of an alternate future where humanity has been wiped out by Mythos horrors leaving only automatons behind to defend what remains of Earth's human legacy. The result is a touching tale of sacrifice and hope in the face of overwhelming odds.

The Reverend Mr. Goodworks & the Yeggs of Yig by Edward M. Erdelac is the story of a traveling preacher who is more steam-powered automaton than human as he seeks to rid the American Old West of a cult that has taken root in the town of New Valusia, a cult bent on world domination.

Carnacki – The Island of Doctor Munroe  revisits the occult world of detective Thomas Carnacki, first created by English fantasy writer, William Hope Hodgson. Other writers have expanded on Hodgson's creation, but author, William Meikle, has remained true to the Carnacki tropes while  avoiding the stale creation of a pastiche.

Pain Wears No Mask by John Goodrich is a fascinating tale of several air pirates determined to steal the Crown Jewels that are kept on board the airship of England's reigning monarch. It is a tale of greed and corruption and The King in Yellow.

Before the Least of These Stars by Lee Clark Zumpe is a beautifully crafted tale of a man trapped out of time in a world where humanity is under attack by the Old Ones from the sea.

The Promised Messiah by D.J. Tyrer revisits the world of the King in Yellow. An inventor has created a machine that writes poetry. In his home, he has invented a machine that channels horror.

Unfathomable by Christine Morgan is a story of an advanced steam-powered submarine with a worthy crew of sailors and scientists sailing to retrieve a meteor that has fallen in the ocean. It is something far, far worse.

The Flower by Christopher M. Geeson is a tragic retelling of the American Civil War with steampunk weapons and a historical twist that puts the tale solidly in Lovecraft's mythos.

Tentacular Spectacular by Thana Niveau is an odd and horrific tale about corsets. That's all I'm going to say.

Fall of an Empire by Glynn Owen Barrass & Brian M. Sammons is a sprawling tale starting with a female thief worthy of her own series. After her failure to achieve her objective, the story flashes ahead a few years where a Lovecraftian horror is now ruling the world through the British Empire. Unless three rebels bring its reign of horror to a close, humanity has no future remaining.

The Baying of the Hounds by Leigh Kimmel unites Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla as they team up to bring the world back to normal after one of Tesla's experiments goes horribly wrong.

Mr Brass & the City of Devils by Josh Reynolds is the story of a Pinkerton detective who is more automaton than human and his urgent mission to stop a cult from unleashing a world of horror upon the Earth. In the tale we revisit the Mi-Go, the creature from Robert Bloch's, The Shambler from the Stars, and the ghostly reptilian race from Lovecraft's, The Nameless City.

The Source by D.L. Snell tells the tale of Corwin Carroll, an inventor of steampunk weapons for the armies of the American Revolution. However, he learns that inquisitiveness and the drive to invent without thinking out the repercussions has a price.

Happy Birthday, Dear Cthulhu by Robert Neilson is a story of another weapons manufacturer who discovers that Mythos horrors make great fuel for his steampunk creations. But somebody else wants his discovery for themselves and they are more than willing to kill for it.

The Strange Company by Pete Rawlik is the last story and a hodgepodge reminiscent of The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen using multiple characters across the Mythos tales.

All in all, if you like steampunk and you like tales of the Cthulhu Mythos, Sammons and Barass have done a superb job in putting this anthology together. It appears they have partnered for others with the blessing of Chaosium Press and I look forward to their future offerings.